Past Continuous Tense

Kalimat yang menandakan sebuah perbuatan sedang dilakukan di masa lampau dan tidak tahu apakah sekarang sudah selesai atau belum selesai. Biasanya, past continuous tense disandingkan dengan past tense, tapi itu insha Allah beda bahasan nanti, hehe... Biar teman-teman yang baru belajar tidak pusing nantinya.

(+) Subject + tobe (was / were) + V-ing

I was studying.

She was studying.

He was studying.

You were studying.

We were studying.

They were studying.

(-) Subject + tobe (was / were) + not + V-ing

I was not studying.

She was not studying.

He was not studying.

You were not studying.

We were not studying.

They were not studying.

(?) Tobe (was / were) + subject + V-ing?

Was I studying?

Was she studying?

Was he studying?

Were you studying?

Were we studying?

Were they studying?

Nah, itulah sedikit penjelasannya. Silakan cari referensi lain ya, jangan hanya puas dengan satu referensi :D

Present Continuous Tense

Present continuous tense menandakan kegiatan yang sedang dilakukan sekarang.
(+) Subject + to be (is, am, are) + V-ing + Adverb

I am studying.

She is watching television.

You are studying.

(-) Subject + to be (is, am, are) + not + V-ing + Adverb

I am not studying.

She is not watching television

You are not studying.

(?) to be (is, am, are) + subject + V-ing ?

Am I studying?

Is she watching television?

Are you studying?

Ada yang ingin ditanyakan?
Silakan googling sumber lain biar lebih jelas, hehe...

Jobs (Pekerjaan)

Malam ini, saya ingin menulis ulang tentang nama-nama pekerjaan dalam bahasa Inggris. Kelihatannya mudah dan sederhana bukan, tapi sayangnya, banyak adik-adik kita yang justru kadang lupa, bahkan saya juga kadang lupa :p

Fisherman = Nelayan

Police = Polisi

Farmer = Petani

Taylor = Penjahit

Shopkeeper = Penjaga toko

Bussinessman = Wiraswasta

Teacher = Guru

Headmaster = Kepala Sekolah

Staff = Karyawan

House-wife = Ibu rumah tangga

Waitress = Pramusaji / Pelayan restoran

Stewardess = Pramugari

Steward = Pramugara

Sailor = Pelaut

Soldier  = Tentara

Pilot = Pilot

Driver = Pengemudi / Supir

Photographer = Fotografer

Doctor = Dokter

Actress = Artis perempuan

Actor = Artis laki-laki

Singer = Penyanyi

Dancer = Penari

Butcherman = Tukang daging

Writer = Penulis

Composer  = Pencipta lagu

Carpenter  = Tukang kayu

Office boy = Pesuruh kantor

Secretary = Sekretaris

Cashier = Kasir

Officer = Petugas

Machinist = Masinis

Painter = Pelukis

Designer = Ahli desain / Perancang

Collector = Pengumpul

Guard = Penjaga

Shepherd = Penggembala

Engineer = Mekanik

Athlete = Atlet

Lawyer = Pengacara

Carver = Pemahat

Builder = Tukang bangunan

Architect = Ahli bangunan / Arsitek

Dentist = Dokter Gigi

Pediatrician  = Dokter Anak

Cardiologist = Dokter Jantung

Surgeon = Dokter Bedah

Neurologist = Dokter Syaraf

Obstetricians = Dokter Kandungan

Pscychiatris = Dokter Jiwa

Nurse = Perawat

Midwife / Tocologist = Bidan

Nah itu sekian dari saya, ada yang masih kurang? Silakan teman-teman tambahkan yaaa :D

Simple Future Tense

Kemarin saya baru menulis tentang simple present tense dan simple past tense kan ya? Sekarang saya ingin melanjutkannya dengan simple future tense. 

Apa itu simple future tense? Simple future tense adalah tenses atau pola kalimat yang digunakan ketika kita membicarakan kegiatan yang akan kita lakukan di masa yang akan datang. Simple future tense juga digunakan dalam pola kalimat conditional if tapi saya tidak akan membahasnya di sini, insha Allah next time bila saya sedang ingat, hehe.... :p

Ciri utama dalam  pola kalimat future adalah adanya modals, yaitu will dan keterangan waktu yang digunakan seperti tomorrow, next month,next two days, next year, next week, dan lain sebagainya, yang berhubungan dengan masa yang akan datang.

Simple future tense nomina >>

Pola kalimat positif untuk simple future tense nomina adalah subjek + will + be + noun/adjective. Contohnya:

I will be a doctor.

You will be angry.

We will be a actress.

They will be thirsty.

She will be a singer

He will be late. 

The tree will be tall.

Untuk membuat kalimat negatif kita hanya tinggal menambahkan not sehingga polanya menjadi subjek + will + not + be + noun/adjective. Contohnya:

I will not be a doctor.

You will not be angry.

We will not be a actress.

They will not be thirsty.

She will not be a singer.

He will not be late. 

The tree will not be tall.

Sedangkan untuk kalimat tanya, kita hanya tinggal memindahkan will ke depan, sehingga polanya menjadi
will + subjek + be + noun/adjective. Contohnya:

Will I be a doctor?
Yes, I will.
No, I will not.

Will you be angry?
Yes, you will.
No, you will not.

Will we be an actress?
Yes, we will.
No, we will not.

Will they be thirsty?
Yes, they will.
No, they will not.

Will she be a singer?
Yes, she will.
No, she will not.

Will he be late?
Yes, he will.
No, he will not.

Will the tree be tall?
Yes, it will.
No, it will not.

Simple future tense verba >>

Pola kalimat positif untuk simple future tense verba adalah subjek + will + verb 1. Contohnya:

I will come.

You will study.

They will watch television.

We will play football.

She will dance.

He will walk.

The bird will fly.

Untuk membuat kalimat negatif, kita tambahkan not sehingga pola kalimatnya menjadi subjek + will + not + verb 1. Contohnya:

I will not come.

You will not study.

They will not watch television.

We will not play football.

She will not dance.

He will not walk.

The bird will not fly.

Untuk kalimat tanya, kita pindahkan will ke depan sehingga pola kalimatnya menjadi subjek + will + not + verb 1. Contohnya:

Will I come?
Yes, I will.
No, I will not.

Will you study?
Yes, you will.
No, you will not.

Will they watch television?
Yes, they will.
No, they will not.

Will we play football?
Yes, we will.
No, we will not.

Will she dance?
Yes, she will.
No, she will not.

Will he walk?
Yes, he will.
No, he will not.

Will the bird fly?
Yes, it will.
No, it will not.

Naaah itu lah sekilas tentang simple future tense. Asal dipelajari dengan baik, pasti teman-teman akan dapat segera mengerti. Selamat mempelajari yaaaaa :D

Review: Simple Present Tense dan Simple Past Tense

Haaaaai.... pasti sudah membaca postingan-postingan saya sebelumnya tentang simple present tense dan simple past tense ya kan? Jadi sudah mengerti kan?
Coba, sekarang kita sama-sama mengerjakan tugas berikut ini. Gampang kok, tinggal mengubah ke bentuk positif, negatif, dan introgatif plus jawaban yes or no question dalam bentuk simple present dan simple past. Kita mulai sekarang.

1. We (read) books at library.
2. She (nurse) at hospital.
3. I (study) math.
4. They sport (journalist).
5. He (cut) the grass.
6. The bird (fly) at the sky.
7. You (send) a letter.
8. We (editor) on publishing house.
9. You famous (singer).
10.  My mother (cook) in the kitchen.
11. He (fireman).
12. They (played) volleyball.
13. I (honest).
14. The floor (clean).

Gampang bukan? Selamat mencoba :)

Simple Past Tense

Sekarang kita akan menggali kembali tentang pelajaran simple past tense :).

Simple past merupakan tenses yang digunakan untuk mengungkapkan kejadian atau kegiatan yang kita lakukan di masa lampau dan tidak ada hubungannya dengan masa sekarang. Kata petunjuk waktu yang digunakan untuk tenses ini biasanya yang lampau, seperti yesterday, two days ago, three days ago, one minute ago, last night, last year, two years ago, dan lain sebagainya.

Simple Past Tense Verba >>

Untuk pola kalimat positif, kita hanya tinggal merangkaikan subjek dengan kata kerja (verb). Kata kerja yang digunakan dalam simple past tense adalah kata kerja bentuk lampau atau Past Verb atau yang lebih kita kenal sebagai V-II. Contohnya:

I went to the restaurant yesterday.

We went to the restaurant yesterday.

She went to the restaurant yesterday.

The cat climbed the tree.

Sedangkan untuk pola kalimat negatif kita hanya tinggal menambahkan kata did not antara subjek dan kata kerja, kemudian mengubah kata kerja menjadi kata kerja dasar (V-2 menjadi V-1). Contohnya:

I did not go to the restaurant yesterday.

We did not go to the restaurant yesterday.

She did not go to the restaurant yesterday.

The cat did not climb the tree.

Lalu bagaimana dengan pola kalimat tanya?

Untuk pola kalimat tanya kita hanya tinggal memindahkan kata did ke depan subjek dan mengubah kata kerja menjadi kata kerja dasar (V-2 menjadi V-1). Contohnya:

Did I go to the restaurant yesterday?
Yes, I did; No, I did not

Did we go to the restaurant yesterday?
Yes, we did; No, we did not

Did she go to the restaurant yesterday?
Yes, she did; No, she did not

Did the cat climb the tree?
Yes, it did; No, it did not

Simple Past Tense Nomina >>

Pola kalimat positifnya ialah Subjek + to be + Adj/Noun/Adverb. To be yang digunakan untuk past tense ialah was/were. Contoh:

I was a teacher.

They were a soldier.

She was a nurse.

He was a policeman.

The cats were dirty.

Untuk kalimat negatif, kita hanya tinggal menambahkan kata not setelah to be. Contohnya:

I was not a teacher.

They were not a soldier.

She was not a nurse.

He was not a policeman.

The cats were not dirty.

Sedangkan untuk pola kalimat tanya, kita hanya tinggal memindahkan to be sebelum subjek. Contoh:

Was you a teacher?
Yes, I was; No, I was not

Were they a soldier?
Yes, they were; No, they were not

Was she a nurse?
Yes, she was; No, she was not

Was he a policeman?
Yes, he was; No, he was not

Were the cats dirty?
Yes, they were; No, they were not

Oiya, dalam simple past tense ini kita akan mengenal yang namanya regular dan irregular verb. Yakni kata kerja yang beraturan dan tidak beraturan. Apa itu regular verb? Regular verb merupakan bentuk kata kerja basic form, past form, dan perfect form berubah secara beraturan, yakni tinggal ditambahkan d/ed (ini versi saya ya, bila salah mohon dikoreksi :D). Contoh regular verb:

Study > Studied > Studied

Listen > Listened > Listened

Watch > Watched > Watched

Play > Played > Played

Look > Looked > Looked

Visit > Visited > Visited

Sedangkan irregular verb merupakan kata kerja yang bentuk basic form, past form, dan perfect form berubah secara tidak beraturan (lagi-lagi ini versi saya, bila salah, mohon koreksinya). Contoh irregular verb:

go > went > gone

eat > ate > eaten

take > took > taken

cut > cut > cut

read > read > read

swing > swang > swung

sing > sang > sung

break > broke > broken

see > saw > seen
bring > brought > brought

Itulah sekian penjelasan saya tentang simple past tense. Semoga teman-teman tidak puas sehingga mencari banyak referensi lainnya.

Simple Present Tense

Teman-teman tentunya sudah pada hafal tentang grammar, ya kan?
Saya ingin berbagi pengetahuan saya yang sedikit ini kepada teman-teman yang belum tahu. Simple present tense merupakan bentuk tense yang paling sering digunakan. Karena tense ini digunakan untuk menyatakan kegiatan yang biasa dilakukan dalam kehidupan sehari-hari, kebiasaan yang biasa dilakukan oleh seseorang, serta keadaan yang hampir selalu benar.
Simple present tense memiliki dua bentuk, verba dan nomina.
Simple present tense verba, bila sesudah subject langsung diikuti oleh verb atau kata kerja. Verb yang digunakan merupakan verb's base form atau lebih dikenal dengan Verb I (V-I).
Contoh:
I work everyday.
You work everyday.
We work everyday.
They work everyday.
Marta works everyday.
John works everyday.
The machine works everyday.

Dapatkah teman-teman melihat perbedaannya?
Betul sekali, ada tambahan "s (& es)" di kata kerja pada subjek yang merupakan kata ganti orang ketiga tunggal. Itu untuk pola kalimat positifnya, untuk pola kalimat negatif, teman-teman tinggal menambahkan do not antara subjek dan verb untuk I, you, we, dan they serta does not antara subjek dan verb untuk she, he, dan it. Sedangkan untuk pola kalimat tanya (interrogative), teman-teman tinggal memindahkan do ke depan subjek untuk I, you, we, dan they serta does untuk she, he, dan it. Contoh:
You do not work everyday.
Do you work everyday? 
We do not work everyday.
Do we work everyday?
They do not work everyday.
Do they work everyday?
Marta does not work everyday.
Does Marta work everyday?
John does not work everyday.
Does John work everyday?
The machine does not work everyday.
Does the machine work everyday?
Oiya, jangan lupa, ketika berubah menjadi kalimat tanya dan negatif hilangkan akhiran s/es pada kata kerja ya.

Simple present tense nomina, bila sesudah subjek diikuti oleh noun (kata benda) atau adjective (kata sifat). Contoh:
I am beautiful.
You are lazy.
We are students.
They are doctors.
She is a nurse.
He is handsome.
The cat is dirty.

Dapatkah teman-teman melihat letak perbedaannya?
Yup, subjek I diikuti oleh to be am, you, we, dan they diikuti oleh to be are, sedangkan she, he, dan it diikuti oleh to be is. Untuk pola kalimat negatif, teman-teman hanya tinggal menambahkan not sesudah to be. Sedangkan untuk pola kalimat tanya, teman-teman tinggal memindahkan to be ke depan subjek. Contoh:
I am not beautiful.
Am I beuatiful?
Yes, I am; No, I am not.
We are not students.
Are we students?
Yes, we are; No, we are not.
They are not doctors.
Are they doctors?
Yes, they are; No, they are not.
She is not a nurse.
Is she a nurse?
Yes, she is; No, she is not.
He is not handsome.
Is he handsome?
Yes, he is; No, he is not.
The cat is not dirty.
Is the cat dirty?
Yes, it is; No, it is not.

Mudah bukan?
Oiya, simple present tense ini digunakan dalam descriptive text, procedural text, dan report text.

Samples of letters in English

Minggu ini saya mendapat tugas dari dosen untuk membuat surat pribadi dan surat kerja.
Well, berikut ini contoh untuk temen-temen.

1.      Private Letter (Surat Pribadi)

Ari 

Jalan Turangga Barat VI G-28 Bandung

Fransiska N                                                                                        April 30, 2011

Jalan Ir. H. Djuanda No. 15 Magelang                                             

Dear Siska,

Siska, I am so glad knowing you will visit me next holiday. We have not meet each other for a long time. I miss you so much. If you come here, I will show you a new park in my town. It is a nice place.

You said that you will go by train. However, I do not know when you will come here exactly. Please tell me the time so I can pick you up at the railway station.

Allright. That is all for you know. Please reply as soon as possible. My love to your family.

Love,

Ari

2.      Letter of Ordering Reservation (Surat Penawaran Pemesanan Tempat)

I Revans Street

Mirama – Wellington

Canada

Ms. Andrea Hutagalung                                                                    March 24, 2009

Advance Reservations,

Bali Hotel

Jl. Nusakambangan No. 15

Lembang, Bandung – Indonesia

Dear Ms. Andrea,

Last month, I reserved a family room on the top floor having a mountain view in your hotel. The reservation will be on December 24 – 28, 2009.

I regret to inform you that my manager has suddenly cancelled my vacation due to an urgent convention I have to attend in Singapore. We will not, therefore, be able to spend our holiday in Indonesia. For this reason, we would like to cancel our booking.

I hope that we can travel to Indonesia and stay at your hotel some time in the future.

Yours sincerely,

Ogami Steward

3.      Letter of Application (Surat Lamaran Kerja)

Ari Saraswati

Jalan Turangga Barat VI G-28 Bandung

Personel Manager of Delima, Tbk.                                        May 25, 2010

Jl. Sudirman No. 350

Jakarta Barat

Attention

Accountant

Dear Sir / Madam,

Refer to your requirement advertised in Kompas on May 20, 2010, I am interested to joint and to contribute with your respected company. I am interested in applying application for Accountant position according with my background educational as accounting.

My name is Ari , I am 22 years old. I have school from Accounting Department at the University of Islam Nusantara. I consider myself that I have qualifications as you want. I have good motivation for progress and growing, eager to learn, and can work with team (team work) or by myself. Beside that I posses adequate computer and English skill.

I shall be pleased to provide any further information you may need and hope I may be given the opportunity of an interview.

Yours faithfully,

Ari

Nah itulah tiga contoh surat dari saya. Mudah-mudahan bisa bermanfaat. Kalau saya salah minta  koreksinya ya..... makasih.....